Section 1.1: Fundamental Concepts

1. Dynamic System: A dynamic system is one whose behavior evolves over time, typically in response to external inputs or stimuli.
2. Feedback: This term refers to a scenario where two or more dynamic systems are interconnected, allowing each to influence the other and creating a strong coupling between their dynamics.
3. Closed Loop System: A closed loop system maintains a specified relationship between its output and reference input by continuously comparing the two and using the difference to guide control actions.
4. Open Loop System: In contrast, an open loop system consists of a controller and a process without any feedback mechanisms, meaning that the output does not impact the control actions.
5. Control Law: This is the algorithm that determines the control action based on sensor data.
6. Sensitivity: Sensitivity measures how variations in system parameters can impact performance.
7. Routh-Hurwitz Criterion: This criterion provides a method for assessing stability without needing to calculate the roots explicitly, relying instead on the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial.
8. Disturbance: A disturbance is any signal that negatively affects the output of a system. Internal disturbances originate within the system, while external disturbances come from outside sources.
9. Transfer Function: The transfer function is the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output to that of the input, assuming all initial conditions are zero.
10. Block Diagram: This is a visual representation that illustrates the functions of each component and the flow of signals within the system.
11. Transient Response Specifications:

• Delay Time (td): The time needed for the response to reach half of its final value for the first time.
• Rise Time (tr): The duration required for the response to increase from a lower percentage to a higher percentage of its final value.
• Peak Time (tp): The time taken for the response to hit its first peak overshoot.
• Maximum Overshoot (Mp): The highest peak value of the response curve, measured from unity.
• Settling Time (ts): The time required for the response to stabilize within a specified range around the final value.

The first video, "Understanding the concept of Control System-Basics, Open & Closed Loop, Feedback Control System," provides a foundational overview of control systems, discussing critical concepts like feedback and the differences between open and closed loop systems.

Section 1.2: Further Exploration

To enhance your grasp of control systems, it's essential to dive deeper into advanced concepts.

The second video, "Lecture 1 - Introduction: Advanced Control Systems 2," offers insights into more complex aspects of control systems, making it a valuable resource for learners seeking to expand their knowledge.